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Data communications and networking are changing the way we do business and the way
we live. Business decisions have to be made ever more quickly, and the decision makers
require immediate access to accurate information. Why wait a week for that report
from Germany to arrive by mail when it could appear almost instantaneously through
computer networks? Businesses today rely on computer networks and internetworks.
But before we ask how quickly we can get hooked up, we need to know how networks
operate, what types of technologies are available, and which design best fills which set
of needs.
The development of the personal computer brought about tremendous changes for
business, industry, science, and education. A similar revolution is occurring in data
communications and networking. Technological advances are making it possible for
communications links to carry more and faster signals. As a result, services are evolving
to allow use of this expanded capacity. For example, established telephone services
such as conference calling, call waiting, voice mail, and caller ID have been extended.
Research in data communications and networking has resulted in new technologies.
One goal is to be able to exchange data such as text, audio, and video from all
points in the world. We want to access the Internet to download and upload information
quickly and accurately and at any time.
This chapter addresses four issues: data communications, networks, the Internet,
and protocols and standards. First we give a broad definition of data communications.
Then we define networks as a highway on which data can travel. The Internet is discussed
as a good example of an internetwork (i.e., a network of networks). Finally, we
discuss different types of protocols, the difference between protocols and standards,
and the organizations that set those standards.
we live. Business decisions have to be made ever more quickly, and the decision makers
require immediate access to accurate information. Why wait a week for that report
from Germany to arrive by mail when it could appear almost instantaneously through
computer networks? Businesses today rely on computer networks and internetworks.
But before we ask how quickly we can get hooked up, we need to know how networks
operate, what types of technologies are available, and which design best fills which set
of needs.
The development of the personal computer brought about tremendous changes for
business, industry, science, and education. A similar revolution is occurring in data
communications and networking. Technological advances are making it possible for
communications links to carry more and faster signals. As a result, services are evolving
to allow use of this expanded capacity. For example, established telephone services
such as conference calling, call waiting, voice mail, and caller ID have been extended.
Research in data communications and networking has resulted in new technologies.
One goal is to be able to exchange data such as text, audio, and video from all
points in the world. We want to access the Internet to download and upload information
quickly and accurately and at any time.
This chapter addresses four issues: data communications, networks, the Internet,
and protocols and standards. First we give a broad definition of data communications.
Then we define networks as a highway on which data can travel. The Internet is discussed
as a good example of an internetwork (i.e., a network of networks). Finally, we
discuss different types of protocols, the difference between protocols and standards,
and the organizations that set those standards.
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